CHỨC NĂNG CỦA TỪ LOẠI

 

  1. Danh từ (nouns): danh thường được đặt ở những vị trí sau
  2. Chủ ngữ của câu (thường đứng đầu câu,sau trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian)

Ex: Maths is the subject I like best.

N

Yesterday Lan went home at midnight.

N

  1. Sau tính từ: my, your, our, their, his, her, its, good, beautiful….

Ex: She is a good teacher.

Adj      N

His father works in hospital.

Adj   N

  1. Làm tân ngữ, sau động từ

Ex: I like English.

We are students.

  1. Sau “enough”

Ex: He didn’t have enough money to buy that car.

  1. Sau các mạo từ a, an, the hoặc các từ this, that, these, those, each, every, both, no, some, any, few, a few, little, a little,…..(Lưu ý cấu trúc a/an/the + adj + noun)

Ex: This book is an interesting book.

  1. Sau giới từ: in, on, of, with, under, about, at……

Ex: Thanh is good at literature.

  1. Tính từ (adjectives): Tính từ thường đứng ở các vị trí sau
  2. Trước danh từ: Adj + N

Ex: My Tam is a famous singer.

  1. Sau động từ liên kết: tobe/seem/appear/feel/taste/look/keep/get + adj

Ex: She is beautiful

Tom seems tired now.

Chú ý: cấu trúc  keep/make + O + adj

Ex: He makes me happy

O   adj

  1. Sau “ too”: S + tobe/seem/look….+ too +adj…

Ex: He is too short to play basketball.

  1. Trước “enough”: S + tobe + adj + enough…

Ex: She is tall enough to play volleyball.

  1. Trong cấu trúc so…that: tobe/seem/look/feel…..+ so + adj + that

Ex: The weather was so bad that we decided to stay at home

  1. Tính từ còn được dùng dưới các dạng so sánh( lưu ý tính từ dài hay đứng sau more, the most, less, as….as)

Ex: Meat is more expensive than fish.

Huyen is the most intelligent student in my class.

  1. Tính từ trong câu cảm thán: How +adj + S + V

                                                  What + (a/an) + adj + N

III. Trạng từ (adverbs): Trạng từ thường đứng ở các vị trí sau

  1. Trước động từ thường(nhất là các trạng từ chỉ tàn suất: often, always, usually, seldom….)

Ex: They often get up at 6am.

  1. Giữa trợ động từ và động từ thường

Ex: I have recently finished my homework.

TĐT   adv          V

  1. Sau đông từ tobe/seem/look…và trước tính từ: tobe/feel/look… + adv + adj

Ex: She is very nice.

Adv  adj

  1. Sau “too”: V(thường) + too + adv

Ex: The teacher speaks too quickly.

  1. Trước “enough” : V(thường) + adv + enough

Ex: The teacher speaks slowly enough for us to understand.

  1. Trong cấu trúc so….that: V(thường) + so + adv + that

Ex: Jack drove so fast that he caused an accident.

  1. Đứng cuối câu

Ex: The doctor told me to breathe in slowly.

 

 

  1. Trạng từ cũng thường đứng một mình ở đầu câu,hoặc giữa câu và cách các thành phần khác của câu bằng dấu phẩy(,)

Ex: Last summer I came back my home country

My parents had gone to bed when I got home.

It’s raining hard. Tom, however, goes to school.

  1. Động từ (verbs): Vị trí của động từ trong câu rất dễ nhận biết vì nó thường đứng sau chủ ngữ (Nhớ cẩn thận với câu có nhiều mệnh đề).

Ex: My family has five people.

S           V

I believe her because she always tells the truth.

S    V                           S                 V

Chú ý: Khi dùng động từ nhớ lưu ý thì của nó để chia cho đúng.

 

CÁCH NHẬN BIẾT TỪ LOẠI

  1. Danh từ (nouns): danh từ thường kết thúc bằng: -tion/-ation, -ment, -er, -or, -ant, -ing, -age, -ship, -ism, -ity, -ness

Ex: distribution, information, development, teacher, actor, accountant, teaching, studying, teenage, friendship, relationship, shoolarship, socialism, ability, sadness, happiness………..

  1. Tính từ (adjective): Tính từ thường kết thúc bằng: -ful, -less, -ly, -al, -ble, -ive, -ous, -ish, -y, -like, -ic, -ed, -ing

Ex: helful, beautiful, useful, homeless, childless, friendly, yearly, daily, national, international, acceptable, impossible, active, passive, attractive, famous, serious, dangerous, childish, selfish, foolish, rainy, cloudy, snowy, sandy, foggy, healthy, sympathy, childlike, specific, scientific, interested, bored, tired, interesting, boring

III. Trạng từ (adverbs): Trạng từ thường được thành lập bằng cách thêm đuôi “ly” vào tính từ

Ex: beautifully, usefully, carefully, strongly, badly

Lưu ý: Một số trạng từ đặc biệt cần ghi nhớ

Adj                                Ú                       Adv

good                                                         well

late                                                            late/lately

ill                                                              ill

fast                                                            fast

 

EXERCISE

 

  1. John cannot make a _______ to get married to Mary or stay single until he can afford a house and a car.
  2. decide decision c. decisive                      d. Decisively
  3. She often drives very ________ so she rarely causes accident .
  4. carefully careful c. caring                          d. Careless
  5. All Sue’s friends and __________ came to her party .
  6. relations b. Relatives c. relationship                                   d. Related
  7. My father studies about life and structure of plants and animals. He is a ……….
  8. biology b. biologist c. biological                    d. biologically
  9. She takes the …….. for running the household.
  10. responsibility b. responsible      c. responsibly               d. responsiveness.
  11. We are a very close-nit family and very ….. of one another.
  12. supporting b. supportive c. support                      d. supporter
  13. You are old enough to take _______ for what you have done.
  14. responsible b. responsibility
    c. responsibly                                             d. irresponsible
  15. He has been very interested in doing research on _______ since he was at high school.
  16.   biology                      b. biological          c. biologist                     d. biologically
  17. Although they are twins, they have almost the same appearance but they are seldom in __.
  18. agree agreeable c. agreement                   d. Agreeably
  19. The more _______ and positive you look, the better you will feel.
  20. confide b. confident c. confidently                 d. Confidence
  21. My parents will have celebrated 30 years of _______ by next week.
  22. marry b. married c. marriageable               d. marriage
  23. London is home to people of many _______ cultures.
  24. diverse b. diversity c. diversify                     d. diversification
  25. Some people are concerned with physical ______ when choosing a wife or husband.
  26. attractive b. attraction c.attractiveness              d.attractively
  27. Mrs. Pike was so angry that she made a _______ gesture at the driver.
  28. rude b. rudeness c. rudely                         d. rudest
  29. She sent me a _______ letter thanking me for my invitation.
  30. polite b. politely c. politeness                   d. impoliteness
  31. He is unhappy because of his ————–.
    a. deaf b. deafen               c. deafness                     d. Deafened
  32. His country has ————– climate.
  33. continent b. continental       c. continence                  d. Continentally
  34. She has a ————– for pink.
  35. prefer b. preferential c. preferentially              d. Preference
  36. Computers are ————– used in schools and universities.
    a. widely b. wide                 c. widen                         d. Width
  37. I sometimes do not feel ————– when I am at a party.
    a. comfort b. comfortable      c. comforted                   d. Comfortably
  38. English is the language of ————–.
    a. communicative b. communication
    c. communicate                                           d. communicatively
  39. I have to do this job because I have no ————–.
    a. choose b. choice               c. choosing                     d. Chosen
  40. English is used by pilots to ask for landing ————– in Cairo.
    a. instruct b. instructors        c. instructions                d. Instructive
  41. He did some odd jobs at home ————–.
    a. disappointment                   b. disappoint        c. disappointed              d. Disappointedly
  42. Don’t be afraid. This snake is ————–.
    a. harm b. harmful            c. harmless                     d. Unharmed
  43. During his ————–, his family lived in the United State.
    a. child b. childhood                   c. childish                       d. Childlike
  44. Jack London wrote several ————– novels on adventure.
    a. interest b. interestedly       c. interesting                  d. interested
  45. He failed the final exam because he didn’t make any ————– for it.
    a. prepare b. preparation      c. preparing                             d. Prepared
  46. The custom was said to be a matter of ————–.
    a. convenient b. convenience      c. conveniently               d. Convene
  47. She is ————– in her book.
    a. absorbed                              b. absorbent                   c. absorptive                  d. Absorb
  48. As she is so ————– with her present job, she has decided to leave.
    a. satisfy b. satisfied            c. satisfying                    d. unsatisfied

 

Leave a Comment